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Standardbedingungen in natural science and engineering

 

p.specht

Materialprüfungen z.B. need Normbedingungen. it in wonder, that itself in unterschiedlichen technical reaches yet always so different Prüfbedingungen hold. and the to almost 65 years intensivster Normung!

Physics:
273,15 k = 0 °C
101.325 Pa = 101.325 n/m² = 1013,25 hPa = 1,01325 bar = 0,101325 MPa (= 1 atm),
counts too for undertow. "Normkubikmeter" gas

chemistry (insb. thermodynamische Stoffeigenschaften)
273,15 k = 0 °C
100.000 Pa = 100.000 n/m² = 1000 hPa = 100 kPa = 1,000 bar

Elektrochemie
(with standard-Redoxpotential: Stoffaktivitäten on 1 umgerechnet)
with very verdünnten Solutions 1 mol/L.
In saurer Solution: capability of H3O+-Ionen
in basischer Solution the of OH−-Ionen.

Biochemie
Standardbedingung „pH 7“ (neutrales surroundings)
Medizin and Physiologie, insb. Atmungsphysiologie
273,15 k = 0 °C, 101 kPa, p(H2O) = 0 kPa (dry)
Physiologie: 310,15 k = 37 °C, p(H2O) = 6,25 kPa (saturation@37°C)
Raumtemperatur, tatsächlicher atmospheric pressure,p(H2O) = dazupassend

Messung physikalischer sizes,z. B. density, Drehwert or Brechungsindex:
293,15 k = 20 °C, 1013 mbar = 760 Torr (with Siedepunktsangaben)
Brechungsindices: well-vapor-line (589 nm) as Lichtquelle

Gaschromatographie inkl Normvolumina:
298,15 k = 25 °C and
101.300 Pa = 1013 hPa = 101,3 kPa = 1,013 bar

aviation
288,15 k = 15 °C 1013,25 hPa (=29,92 inHg) on Meereshöhe

Druckluftindustrie
293,15 k = 20 °C, 1 bar with 65 % r. H. (relativer Luftfeuchte) or Wasserdampfpartialdruck p(H2O) = 0 kPa (dry)

Normklima for tests with ...

Textiluntersuchungen:
Lufttemperatur 20,0 °C ± 1 °C (class 1) or. ± 2 °C (class 2),
relative Luftfeuchte of 65,0 %± 4 %*) (= 20/65)
alternative Normklimate 23,0 °C± 2 °C u. 50,0 % r.H.± 4 %*)
tropical Normalklima 27,0 °C± 2 °C u. 65,0 % r.H.± 4 %*)
*) ± 5 % (class 1) and ± 10 % (class 2)
where always counts:
atmospheric pressure between 86 kPa and 106 kPa
Luftgeschwindigkeit ≤ 1 m/s
The Anpassungszeit is circa, if with two aufeinanderfolgende Wägungen in the
stood off of 2 hours (2 h) The Masseänderung <= 0,25 % totals.
- Auslegemindestdauer:
-- Faserstoffart Polyester or Polypropylen: 2 h
-- cotton 6 h
-- Wolle 8 h
-Aufmachungsart
-- Faserflocke 12 h
-- Strands, Spulen as well as Flächengebildeproben 24 h

Papierwerkstoffe:
temperature 23±1 °C
relativen Luftfeuchte of 50± 2 %
Massenänderung 0.25%, but binnen 1 h
Klimatisierung
- leichtgewichtige papers 4 h
- schwere papers 5 To 8 h
- pasteboards 1 To 3 days

wood and Holzwerkstoffe:
Lufttemperatur of 20 °C
relativen Luftfeuchte 65 %
 
Computer: Gerät, daß es in Mikrosekunden erlaubt, 50.000 Fehler zu machen, zB 'daß' statt 'das'...
05/24/21  
 



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Erhard Wirth06/14/24
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